Insufficient testosterone action (even at normal testosterone levels) can be caused by less sensitive androgen receptors (which is genetically determined)7 or elevated SHBG levels (which bind to testosterone and reduce the free “active” serum fraction of testosterone.8
Due to the multiple effects of testosterone, the health consequences of hypogonadism are wide-ranging with signs and symptoms affecting sexual, physical, metabolic and psychological domains.
Figure: Common symptoms and signs of hypogonadism (low testosterone) in men.1,3-6